Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Total Population refer to the total number of people alive
at a certain point of time within a given area. The annual statistics on total
population is taken at midnight, the 3lst of December, not including residents
in Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR,
Urban Population and Rural Population Urban population refer to all people
residing in cities and towns, while rural population refer to population other
than urban population.
Birth Rate (or Crude Birth Rate) refers to the
ratio of the number of births to the average population (or mid-period
population) during a certain period of time (usually a year), expressed in per
thousand. Birth rate in the yearbook refers to annual birth rate. The following
formula is used:
Where: Number of births refers
to live births, i.e. when a baby has breathed or showed any vital phenomena
regardless of the length of pregnancy.
Annual average number of population is the average of the number of
population at the beginning of the year and that at the end of the year.
Sometimes it is substituted by the mid-year population.
Death Rate (or Crude Death Rate) refers to the ratio of the number of deaths to the
average population (or mid-period population) during a certain period of time (usually
a year), expressed in per thousand. Death rate in the yearbook refers to annual
death rate. The following formula is used:
Natural Growth Rate of Population refers to the ratio of natural increase
in population (number of births minus number of deaths) in a certain period of
time (usually a year) to the average population (or mid-period population) of
the same period, expressed in ‰. The following formula is applied:
Gross Dependency Ratio also called gross dependency
coefficient, refers to the ratio of non-working-age population to the
working-age population, express in percent. Describing in general the number of
non-working-age population that every 100 people at working ages will take care
of, this indicator reflects the basic relation between population and economic
development from the demographic perspective. The gross dependency ratio is
calculated with the following formula:
Where: GDR is the gross dependency ratio,
P0-14 is the population of
children aged 0-14,
P65+
is the elderly population
aged 65 and over,
P15-64
is the working-age population aged 15-64.
Old Dependency Ratio also called old dependency coefficient,
refers to the ratio of the elderly population to the working-age population,
express in percent. It describes the number of the elderly population that
every 100 people at working ages will take care of. Old dependency ratio is one
of the indicators reflecting the social implication of population aging from
the economic perspective. The old dependency ratio is calculated with the
following formula:
Where: ODR is the old dependency ratio,
P65+ is the elderly population aged 65 and
over,
P15-64
is the working-age population aged 15-64.
Children Dependency Ratio also called children dependency
coefficient, refers to the ratio of the children population to the working-age
population, express in percent. It describes the number of children population
that every 100 people at working ages will take care of. The children
dependency ratio is calculated with the following formula:
Where: CDR is the children dependency ratio,
P0-14
is the children population aged 0-14,
P15-64
is the working-age population aged 15-64.
Economically Active
Population refers to the population aged 16 and
over who are capable of working, are participating in or willing to
participate in economic activities, including employed persons and unemployed
persons.
Employed Persons refers to
persons above a specified age who had labour capacity and performed some social
work for compensation or business gains. Specifically, it refers to all
persons, aged 16 and over, who performed some work for compensation or business
gains for one hour or more during the reference period; or who had work units
or sites but were temporarily not at work during the reference period.
Persons Employed in Various
Units refer to the total
number of employees who work at his units and obtain wages or other forms of
payment at the end of the reference period. This indicator is a kind of time
point index and it equals to the sum of the number of employed staff and
workers, labor dispatch personnel and other employed persons. Employed persons
do not include:
1) persons who have left their
working units while keeping their labour contract (employment
relation) unchanged and receiving regular alimony;
2) students who do part-time jobs
in spare time and all kinds of enrolled students who do internship in various
units;
3) persons employed due to labor
outsourcing;
4) persons who dissolve labor
contracts with their units on the last day of reference period or before.
Persons Employed in Private
Enterprises and Self-Employed Individuals in Urban Areas Persons employed in private enterprises refer to
the persons employed in the private enterprises which have been registered at
the departments of industrial and commercial administration for which the
business operation are situated at a county town (i.e. a town where the county
government is located), or at urban areas with administrative hierarchy higher
than a county town. The self-employed individuals in urban areas refer to
persons who hold the certificates of residence in urban areas or have resided
in the urban areas for a long time and have been registered at the departments
of industrial and commercial administration and approved to be engaged in
individual industrial or commercial business, including self-employed persons
as well as helpers and hired laborers who work in individual households.
Employed Staff
and Workers refer to
persons who signed labor contracts with working units and working units would
pay wages, social insurance and housing funds for them. Persons who
have their work posts but are temporarily absent from work for reasons of study
or on sick, injury or maternal leave and still receive wages from their working
units are also included. Employed staff and workers also include:
1) Persons who should have signed the
labor contracts but not (like people with rural household registration);
2) Employees on probation;
3) Employees beyond the staffing
quota;
4) Employees who are sent to other
working units but still obtain wages from their original units (situations like
on-the-job placement, expatriated assignment, etc. )
1) Employed Staff and Workers do
not include: Dispatched personnel who work and are paid directly by the working
units; they shall be counted into “labour dispatch personnel” of the
working units;
2) Personnel through labor
outsourcing, they shall be counted into “employed staff and workers” of the
units which contracted them.
Total Wage Bill It is
revised according to the “Provision of Composition of Total Wages” (Order No.1
by National Bureau of Statistics on January, 1st, ,1990), total wage
bill refers to the total remuneration payment to all employed persons in
various units during the reporting period (by quarter or by year), including hourly-paid
wages, piece-rate wages, bonuses, allowance and subsidies, overtime wages and
wages paid under special circumstances. It equals to the sum of total wages of
employed staff and workers, dispatch labors and other employed persons.
Total wage bill is pre-tax wages,
including the room charges, utility bills, housing funds and social insurance
paid or withheld by employee’s units.
Total wage bill, whether or not included
in cost, whether or not paid in money or in kind, shall be included in the
calculation of total wage.
Average Wage refers to the average per capita wage in money terms during a certain
period of time for employed persons. It shows the general level of wage income of
staff and worker during a certain period of time, one major indicator to
reflect the wage level. It is calculated as follows:
Average Wage Indices refers to the ratio of average wage of
employed persons the reference period to that at the base period, which
reflects the change of wage of employed persons at the different period. It is
calculated as follows:
Average Real Wage Indices average real
wage of employed persons refers to the average wage of employed persons after
removing the effects of the price changes and average real wage indices of
employed persons refers to the change of real wage, which reflects the relative
increasing or decreasing level of real wage of employed persons ,which is
calculated as follows:
Registered Unemployed Persons in Urban Areas refer to the persons with non-agricultural
household registration at certain working ages (16 years old to retirement
age), who are capable of working, unemployed and willing to work, and have been
registered at the local employment service agencies to apply for a job.
Registered Unemployment Rate
in Urban Areas refers to the
ratio of the number of the registered unemployed persons to the sum of the
number of persons employed in various units (minus the employed
rural labour force, re-employed retirees, and Hong Kong, Macao,
Taiwan or foreign employees), laid-off staff and workers in urban units, owners
of private enterprises in urban areas, owners of self-employed individuals in
urban areas, employees of private enterprises in urban areas, employee of
self-employed individuals in urban areas, and the registered unemployed persons
in urban areas.